Pediatric Hypertension Work up of the Child with Hypertension

نویسندگان

  • John T. SANDERS
  • Deborah P. JONES
چکیده

This paper outlines the work up of children with hypertension. In those with confirmed hypertension, the initial work up should be focused on the evaluation for renal parenchymal and renovascular disease. Secondary evaluation should be focused on history and clinical findings. Consideration of angiography should be made in children with severe hypertension and no evidence of renal parenchymal disease, with hypertension requiring more than a single antihypertensive agent to achieve adequate BP control, or with confirmed BP > 99 percentile for sex/age/height percentile. Screening for endocrinopathies should be directed by compatible history and findings on physical examination and should not be a part of a routine initial work up. In any child diagnosed with hypertension, attempts should be made to evaluate for end-organ disease and co-morbid conditions, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy. Pediatricians should establish a degree of comfort in the evaluation and management of hypertension; however, children with severe and complicated hypertension should be referred to a specialist well versed and practiced in the evaluation and management of this disease. Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Children’s Foundation Research Center at Le Bonheur Children’s Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Memphis. Correspondence to: John T. Sanders, MD. Division of Nephrology. Department of Pediatrics. University of Tennessee Health Science Center. Le Bonheur Children’s Medical Center. 50 North Dunlap, Room 201. Memphis TN 38103. USA. e-mail: [email protected] Fax: +1 901 287 5036 RÉSUMÉ • Cet article donne un aperçu des démarches diagnostiques à entreprendre chez les enfants hypertendus. Chez ceux ayant une hypertension confirmée, la démarche initiale devrait se concentrer sur une évaluation qui permettrait d’éliminer une maladie parenchymateuse rénale et une maladie vasculo-rénale. L’évaluation secondaire devrait se concentrer sur l’histoire et les données cliniques. L’angiographie devrait être considérée chez les enfants ayant une hypertension sévère, sans évidence de maladie parenchymateuse rénale, et avec une hypertension nécessitant plus d’un agent antihypertenseur pour le contrôle de la pression artérielle; ou dans le cas d’une hypertension artérielle > 99 percentile pour le sexe, l’âge et la taille. Le dépistage des endocrinopathies devrait être orienté par l’histoire clinique et les données de l’examen physique, et ne devrait pas faire partie du bilan initial de routine. Tout enfant hypertendu devrait être évalué au niveau de ses organes-cibles et des conditions de co-morbidité, particulièrement l’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche. Les pédiatres devraient être à même d’évaluer et de prendre en charge l’hypertension; cependant, les enfants présentant une hypertension sévère et compliquée, devraient être référés à un spécialiste de l’hypertension pédiatrique.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010